Tools for removing the collars of fasteners



TOOLS FOR REMOVING THE COLLARS QF.FASTENERS Filed Nov. 25, 1956 June 3,1958 J. G. HARGROVE 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR JAMES G HARGROVE 1 f s n.mm QUE/12 s e fli ml 8 l Agent TQOLS FOR REMOVING THE COLLARS OFFASTENERS Filed Nov. 25, 1956 June 3, 1958 J. G. HARGROVE 3 Sheets-Sheet5 m mls 1 I 1 I k iMmWEigFm-H! 1.

INVENTOR JAMES G. HARGROVE Agent United States This invention relates totools useful in facilitating the removal of fasteners and relates moreparticularly to tools for cutting or splitting the collars of blindbolts, blind rivets, as well as the retaining elements and members ofother fastening devices, etc.

So-called blind rivets and bolts are used extensively in the fabricationof aircraft, trucks, trailers, and other vehicles and devices. Thesefasteners usually embody a head, collar, or the like, that ispermanently swedged or otherwise fixed to the shank of the fastener atone side of the work to secure the workpieces together and topermanently retain the fastener. Frequently it becomes necessary toremove such a fastener or perhaps a row or series of such fasteners inthe event of faulty installation, erroneous assembly, for modificationpurposes, and for other reasons. The very nature of the fastenersthemselves and their mode of installation makes it extremely difficultto free the fasteners for removal. Cold chisels are commonly used forthis purpose, being employed to cut or spit the heads or collars of thefasteners, and sometimes the bolts or rivets are punched or driven outof the work. These methods are time consuming and therefore costly andoften injure or destroy the workpieces or assemblies themselves.

It is, therefore, a general object of this invention to provide simple,effective tools operable to readily and quickly split the collars,heads, etc. of fasteners from their studs or shanks to allow the freeeasy removal of the fasteners.

Another object of the invention is to provide tools of this kind thatare readily engaged on the collars or heads of the fasteners to beoperated by the power tools commonly used to drive or install thefasteners or by other means such as appropriate hand actuators. Nospecial preparation of the fastener or tool is required and the tools ofthe invention are designed for immediate actuation by the power operatedfastener driving or installing tools or, if desired, by suitable handoperated actuators.

It is another object of the invention to provide tools of the characterdescribed that do not damage the workpieces or structures from which thefasteners are to be removed. The tools incorporate blades or cuttersthat cut radially through and thereby split the heads or collars of thefasteners without damaging or even marking the work and without damagingor distorting the stem or shank of the fastener. This latter featureassures the easy removal the rivet or bolt from the openings in thestructure or work and, if desired, permits reuse of the rivet or boltshank.

A further object of the invention is to provide tools of the classdescribed that are capable of immediate reuse, incorporating springmeans for restoring them to the open condition for engagement on theother fasteners.

A further object of the invention is to provide tools for facilitatingthe removal of fasteners that are small, compact and light in weightand, therefore, convenient to use.

Other objectives and features of the invention will become apparent fromthe following detailed description of the typical preferred embodimentsof the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of tool of the inventionarranged on a power actuating device or tool, a portion of the latterbeing in cross section to illustrate the connection with the tool of theinvention;

rent 0 Fatented June 3, 3958 Figure 2 is an enlarged longitudinaldetailed sectional view of the cutting tool illustrated in Figure l withthe parts in the idle or unactuated positions;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view illustrating thetool engaged on a fastener with the blades or cutters partiallyactuated;

Figure 4is a view similar to Figure 3 showing the blades or cutters inthe fully actuated position;

Figure 5 is a side elevation of the tool;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal, detailed sectional view taken as indicatedby line 6--6 on Figure 2;

Figure 7 is an end elevation of the tool taken as indicated by line 77on Figure 2;

Figure 8 is a longitudinal, detailed, sectional view of anotherembodiment of the invention arranged in position at a fastener;

Figure 9 is a longitudinal, detailed, sectional view of the tool ofFigure 8 in the actuated condition and illustrating a portion of theactuating tool or device;

Figure 10 is an end elevation of the tool of Figures 8 and 9; and

Figure 11 is a tranverse sectional view taken as indicated by line i1llon Figure 9.

The tools of the invention are intended to split or remove the collars,heads, etc. of bolts, rivets, and like fasteners of various makes andtypes. Where the term collar is employed it is intended to mean thehead, sleeve, nut, collar, or similar member swedged, threaded, orotherwise secured on the shank of a fastener such as a bolt or rivet toretain the same in the work. In the drawings 1 have shown two exemplarytools of the invention employed to remove the collars of two well knowntypes of fasteners, it being understood that the invention is not to beconsidered as restricted to these particular embodiments and uses sincethe tools may be used and, if desired, modified in proportions, etc. toremove the collars, heads, and analogous parts of fasteners, and thelike, of other types, configurations and proportions.

The tool of the invention illustrated in Figures 1 to 7 inclusive of thedrawings may be said to comprise, generally, a shell or body 16, amandrel 11 having limited axial relative movement in the body 10,cutters or blades 12 carried by the mandrel to be actuated by relativemovement between the body and mandrel, and control or return means 13for the mandrel and blades.

The shell or body 10 is a tubular member having a central longitudinalopening 14 extending therethrough. The outer end portion of the opening14 is flared, being tapered or rounded to present a circular orpartially circular cam face 15 which slopes or curves radially inwardand axially for the actuation of the blades 12 as will be more fullydescribed. The outer extremity of the body 19 is rounded and machinedsmooth so as not to scratch or mar the surface of the work W. The innerend portion of the body 10 is preferably reduced in external diameterand the inner portion of the opening 14 is reduced in diameter so thatthe opening has an annular shoulder 17 facing outwardly or fo wardly. Asbest illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7, the outer or forward portion ofthe body it) has diametrically opposite flats 18 and 19 to reduce thediameter or thickness of the body so as to adapt the tool to engage onfasteners that may be adjacent flanges, corners, or other obstructionson the work W. The flat 1%, as shown, may be sufficiently deep orextensive to join or interrupt the opening 14 of the body 10 for asuitable distance.

The body 10 may be adapted or equipped to be held in, engaged by andsecured to operating devices and tools of selected types. In theparticular case illustrated the reduced end portion of the body 10 hastwo or more external lugs 20. This portion of the body 10 is adapted inthe outer portion of the body opening 14. V ward or outer portion of themandrel 11 has a counterbore Stl and a diametric slot :31 intersectingthe counterbore. The slot 31 receives or partially houses the bladesreassess 23 to be inserted in the tubular end of a power actuator 21 andthe lugs 29 are intended to be locked in bayonet-type slots therein by akey block 22. 7

While the present invention is not primarily concerned with the type ordetails of the unit tor actuating the collar splitting tool, it isbelieved it will be helpful to briefly describe the portion of the unitor actuator 21 illustrated in the drawings. portable and manuallyhandled devicehaving a fluid pressure actuated ram or piston 23connected with a slidable rod 24 by a transverse pin 25. The mandrel 31is connected with the rod 24, as will be later described, to be actuatedthereby when the workman or operator i116 actuator 21 is amanually 1puts the unit 21 into operation by depressing a pedal or V V by moving-atrigger, not shown.

The mandrel 11 is an elongate tubular member movhas an internal thread26 to mate with a thread 27 on the end of the actuator rod 24 so thatthe mandrel is moved by the rod while the body 16 is secured tothe Vunit or actuator 21 proper by the lugs 20 and key block 22, abovedescribed. The forward or outer portion of the mandrel 11 is enlarged inexternal diameter. to slide The for- 12. The mandrel 11 also hasexternal fiat '32, see Figures 5.6 and 7, in the same plane as the fiat19 of the bod y to allow the tool to be employed as near as possible'toobstructions on the work W. The invention includes means for limitingaxial movementof thelmane drel 11 and ,for preventing rotation orangular moyement of the mandrel in the body 10. This means includes anthe pin 54 extends through an-opening 36 in the wall'of the body toproject into the groove 33. Engagement of the end walls offthe groove 33with the pin 34 stops or limits travel of 'themandrel -11 in the body 10and the pin cooperates with the side walls ofthe groove to preventangular'or rotary motion of the mandrel. V The cutters or-b lades'12are'pivotally'supported'in the vslot 31 of the mandrel 11 to b'eactuated between open or idle positions and actuated iiiner positions bythe action of the cam'face 1 5 when the mandrel 11 is actuated 1.rearwardly relative to the body 19. There are 'two like orcomplementary blades 32, each having a fulcrum region bounded ordefined, in part, by relatively straight angular .edges 38 and-Pivotpins 4% are engaged in parallel openings in the mandrel 11 andpass through openings in the fulcrum regions of the blades12 topivotally sup- 7 port the blades in the slot 31. The blades 12 havecurved 'outer surfaces 41, designed to ride on or engage with the camface 15 and have sharpened V-shaped inner edges 42 for cutting into orthrough-the head or collar C of the .fastener F. The side faces of. theblades 12 arefiat and parallel and may cooperate with the walls of theslot 31 to guide the blades during their cutting action. The

' 21 so thatthe rod 24 forcibly moves the mandrel llfrearw V Wardly or,away from the work W. This results in rela tivemovement between the body19 and the'mandrel 11;

.of the blades so as to have their cutting edges 42 immediatelyadjacent, substantially parallel to,;but clear or" the shank S whenfully actuated. V V V I The means 13 for restoring the blades 12 totheir idle positions following use of the tool and for normally yieldingholding the blades 12 in their open positions, includes 'a pin 46slidable in the tubular mandrel 11 and having .a head 47 on its endslidable. in the counterbore 3d of the mandrelgsee Figure 6. The pin 46and its head 47 have a diainetric slotAS registering with the slot 31 ofthe mandrel 11 to accommodate the cutting blades 12. The end wall 49 ofthis slot 48 is cooperable with the? fulcrum edge faces 39 of the blades12. A spring 5% is arranged under compression between the inner end ofthe pin 46 and a plug 51 in the mandrel 11." The spring 56 urges the pin46 outwardly or toward the work vW. The end wall 49 of theslot 48engages or acts on the faces 39 of the blades 12 so that the springurged pin normally holds the blades 12 in theiropen or. idlepositionsyshown in FigureZ; :Theblade restoring means 13. also serves 7to assist in locating the tool on the fastcnerF where the blades 12 willproperly split its collar C. T he'outere'nd of the pin head 47 has atapered recess 52 shaped and proportioned to receivethe end of thecollar C'when the tool is'initially brought into contact with thefastener. V

The pin recess 52 may, of course, be shaped'and propor tioned tocooperate with or receive the collars or heads of fasteners of differentmakes,'types andisizesand in this connection it is to be understood'thatthe cutters or blades .12 maybe shaped, proportioned andmounted so" asto properly cut or split the collars or heads of'difiere'nt classes,makes and sizesof fasteners. The initial engage ment of the recess'52with the collar C and the mandrel urging of the tool toward the work Wresults in retraction of the pin 46 to a position such'as shown inFigure 3' where its wall 49 is clear of the blades 12 to allow theblades to be actuated by the cooperation of thecarn face i 15 with theblade edges 41.

his believed that the operation of the tool illustrated in Figures l'to'7 inclusive of the drawings will be readily understood from the'foregoing detailed description. Assuming the tool to be properlysecured to the actuating unit 21 the unit and tool are brought to aposition where the recess 52 engages the collar C of the fastenerF .to

be removed. The workman or operator. while urging the unit 21' and thetool toward the work actuates the unit which 1 relative movement isaccompanied by 'coaction of the cam base 15 and the blade surfaces 41causing the 7 blades 12 to pivot inwardly to the positions illustratedblades 12 are movable between the fully open position of" ure 4 wherethe cutting edges ,42 are'substantially parallel. 'When in the latterposition the blades 12 will have cut substantially completely throughthe wall of the collar C and will have split the .collar'free from thestud. or

shank S .of the fastenenthe cam face i5 cooperating withthe curved edges41" or" 'the'blades serving to'positively actuate o'r'force the bladesto these collar splitting with the shank S so they do not cut, groove orform burrs I Figure 2 where their cutting edges 42 are in outwardly Vdivergent relation and the fully actuated positions of Fig- It should beobserved-in Figure 4-that the smooth finished a or damage the work inFigure 4. During this'action the blades 12 cut sub stantially throughthe walls of thefastener collar C and split the. collar so that it fallsaway from. the shank. S of the fastener. V V actuation or pivoting ofthe blades l2is' limited as above described by the engagement of. theibla'de surfaces39 with the wall 340i? the mandrel so that the blades donot themselves engage, cut or marthe shank S. The'tool is J thendisengagedfrom the work and is ready for reuse.

end 1d of thebody 10 is the only portion' of the. tool that engages thework W and this'engagernent does not 'rnar W- duringtthe collarsplitting or removing operation; 7 i V I Figures 8 to llinclusive ofthedrawingsillustrate another tool of the-invention. l' have shownithisembodiment employedto cut or split the collar-9tl of'asomewhat with its"subsequent removal It is important to .notethat this'inward' differenttype of fastener, it being understood that this again is merely anillustrative use or application of the invention. The tool illustratedin Figures 8 to 11 inclusive may be said to comprise, generally, atubular body 60, a mandrel 61 movable in the body, blades 62 carried bythe mandrel to be actuated upon relative movement between the body andthe mandrel, and spring means 63 for restoring the blades to their idlepositions following actuation.

The shell or body may be a simple generally cylindrical hollow ortubular member. I have shown the exterior of the body 6% provided with aflat 64 to facilitate use of the tool where the fasteners to be removedmay be adjacent obstructions on the work. The forward end of the body 60has a flared entrance or mouth presenting a tapered or curved camsurface 65 resembling the above described cam surface 15. The rear endof the body 64 has a central longitudinal opening 66 of reduceddiameter.

The mandrel 61 is movable or slidable axially in the body 60 and isadapted to protrude from the forward end of the body. A diametric slot67 is provided in the mandrel 61 to house or receive the blades 62. Theforward or outer end of the mandrel 61 is fiat and perpendicular to itslongitudinal axis to flatly engage the surface of the work W. Acounterbore or socket 68 is provided in the end of the mandrel 61 toreceive the collar 90 of the fastener. The counterbore or socket 68 ispreferably shaped and proportioned to fairly accurately receive thecollar 90 and thereby locate and centralize the tool with respect to thefastener. The rear portion of the mandrel 61 is in the nature of a stem69 of reduced diameter which slidably passes through the opening 66 toprotrude from the rearend of the body 60.

The mandrel stem 69 may be connected with or secured to the actuator ofthe selected class in any appropriate manner. For example, the mandrelstem 69 may have screw threaded connection with the rod 24 of the abovedescribed actuating unit, may be equipped with an adapter for connectionwith a selected actuator, either power driven or manually operated, ormay be of special configuration for engagement by the tools commonlyused to install or drivethe fasteners. The particular fastenerillustrated in Fi ures 8 and 9 is of the general type manufactured byHuck Manufacturing Company, Detroit, Michigan, and I have shown aportion of a gun or device 71? of the type marketed by the HuckManufacturing Company for actuating the collar cutting tool, both thefastener and device 76 being of the class disclosed in United StatesPatent No. 2,531,048, November 21, 1950. The fastener driving tool 79has one or more jaws 71 adapted to mate with a plurality of annularridges 72 on the stem 69, the wedges being actuated by a cone member 73to pull the stem 69 and thus move the mandrel 61 outwardly relative tothe body as. The end of the gun or actuator 70 is adapted to engageagainst the rear end of the tool body 6%.

The cutters or blades 62 are supported in the slot 67 of the mandrel onpivot pins 74. The pivotal axes of the blades 62 are spaced and paralleland the inner faces or sides of the blades have sharpened V-shapecutting edges 75 shaped and proportioned to cut through or split thefastener collar 96. The outer edges of the blades 62 are sloped orcurved at 76 to cooperate with the cam face 65. The rear ends of theblades 62 have tails or projections 77 for engagement by the springreturn means 63. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the sides of the blades62 are flat and parallel and the walls of the slots 67 may cooperatetherewith to assist in guiding the blades.

The spring means 63 for normally holding the blades 62 in their open orunactuated positions where they are free to engage over the fastenercollar 96 and for restoring the blades to these positions, includes twosprings 78 and '79. The spring 78 surrounds the stem 69 and is engagedunder compression between the body of the mandrel 61 and the rear wallof the body 60. The spring 78 urges the mandrel 61 outwardly toward thework W and thus conditions the blades 62 for cooperation with the camface 65. The spring 79 is a split annular spring member freely arrangedin an annular groove 80 in the mandrel 61. The spring 79 is arranged tocooperate with the outer edges of the blade tails or projections 77 tourge or pivot the blades 62 on their pins 74 to the expanded or idlepositions.

In employing the tool of Figures 8 to 11 inclusive, it is brought to aposition where the socket 68 of the mandrel receives or engages thefastener collar and where the end of the mandrel 61 bears against theface of the work W. The workman while urging the tool toward the Workactuates the gun 70 so that the stem 69 and mandrel 61 are forciblymoved to the rear or away from the work W. This causes the cam face 65to cooperate with the edges 76 of the blades 62 to force the cuttingedges 75 of the blades into and through the wall of the collar 94 At thesame time the body 68 of the tool moves toward the work W and its endface ultimately engages against the work to stop or limit the action.The parts are constructed and related so that the cutting edges 75 ofthe blades 72 cut substantially through the Wall of the fastener collar90 and yet do not directly engage the shank or body of the fastener,leaving the fastener undamaged for ready removal from the work W.Following actuation of the tool it is removed from the work W and thespring 78 restores the mandrel 61 to its position where it projects fromthe body 60 and the spring 79 pivots the blades 62 to their open or idlepositions.

Having described only typical forms of the invention I do not wish to belimited to the specific details herein set forth, but wish to reserve tomyself any variations or modifications that may appear to those skilledin the art.

1 claim:

1. A tool for cutting the collar of a fastener comprising a shell havingan open end, an internal cam face on said end, a mandrel in the shell,the shell and mandrel having a common longitudinal axis and beingrelated for relative axial movement, cutters supported on the mandrelfor pivotal movement about spaced axes spaced at opposite sides of saidlongitudinal axis and having spaced opposing inner cuttin edges, thecutters having outer edges cooperating with said cam face upon relativemovement between the shell and mandrel to pivot the blades in onedirection and thus move the cutting edges toward one another, yieldingmeans urging the blades to pivot in the other direction, and meansassociated with the mandrel for engaging with the collar to position thecutters in cutting relation thereto.

2. A tool for facilitating the removal of a collar from a fastenercomprising a shell, a mandrel in the shell, the shell and mandrel beingrelated for relative longitudinal movement, a cam face in the shell,blades pivotally supported on the mandrel, parts on the bladescooperable with the cam face, means yieldingly urging the mandrel to aposition where the blades project beyond the shell to be disposed at thesides of the collar and to have their said parts in engagement with thecam face, means associated with the mandrel and having a recess forreceiving the collar to thus position the blades at the collar, andmeans for effecting relative movement between the shell and mandrelwhereby the cam face cooperating with said parts pivots the blades tosplit the collar.

3. A tool for removing a collar from a fastener secured in workcomprising a housing body having an open end adapted to engage againstthe work, an internal cam face in the body at said end, a mandrel in thebody, the body and mandrel being related for relative longitudinalmovement, blades pivoted on the mandrel having active end regionsprovided with opposing cutting edges and having tail regions, the bladesbeing adapted to protrude from said open end of the body to have theiractive end regions engage the cam face and to have their cutting edgesdisposed at opposite sides of the collar, and spring means acting onsaid tail regions of the cutters to hold the blades ting edges split thecollar.

' the active blade regions toward one another. to have the cutting edgessplit the collar.

4. A tool for removing a collar from a fastener secured in workcomprising a housing body having an open end adapted to engage againstthe work, an internalcam face in the body atsaid end, a mandrel in thebody, the body and mandrel being related for relative longitudinalmovement, blades pivoted on the 'mandrel having active end regionsprovided with opposing cutting edges and having tail regions, the bladesbeing adapted to protrude from said open end of the body to have theiractive end regions engage the cam face and to have their cutting edgesdisposed at opposite sides of the collar, means associated with themandrel for engaging overthe collar to locate the blades in cuttingrelation thereto, and spring means acting on said tail regions of thecutters to hold the blades in said protruding positions so'that uponrelative axial movement of the body and mandrel said cam face moves theactive blade regions toward one another to have the cut- 5. A tool forremoving a collar from a fastener secured in work comprising a housingbody having an open end adapted to engage against the work, an internalcam face 'in' the body at said end, a mandrel in the body, the body andman rel beingrelated for relative longitudinal move- .ment,bladespivoted' on the mandrel having active end regions provided withopposing cutting edges and having tail regions, theblades being adaptedto protrude from said open end of the body to have their activeend'rcgions engage the'cam face and to have their cutting edges disposedat opposite sides of the collar,-a pin movable axially with respect tothe mandrel and engaging said tail regions "of the blades, the pinhaving a recess for receiving the collar-to center the tool with respectthereto, spring means acting on the pin to yieldingly holdthe bladeswhere their cutting edges may be positioned adjacent the sides of-thecollar and conditioning the pin to have its recess receive the collar,and means on the body andrnandrel engagein work comprising a:housingbody having an open end adapted to engage against the Work, an internalcam face in the body at said end, amaridrel in the body, the body andmandrel being related for. relative longitudinal movement, a springloaded pin movable axially in the mandrel, V the mandrel and pin havingregistering diametric slots, a

pair of blades operable'in the slots'and pivoted on the mandrel .tohave. spaced opposing inner edges, cutting edges on said inner edges,aicam face on the interior of .the bc-dy, the outer edges of the bladesbeing curved to cooperate withthe cam face, the blades having tailregions,

a surface on said pin engaging with said tails to urge the mandrel andblades to positions where the blades have their cutting edges atopposite sides of the collar, and means on the body and mandrelengageable to produce relative axial'movement therebetween so that thecam 7. A tool for removing a collar from a fastener secured in workcomprising a housing body having an open end adapted to engage againstthe work, an internal cam face face engaging'said curved outer edges ofthe blades actuates the blades to cut through the collar. V

in the body at said end, a mandrel in the body, the body and mandrelbeing related for relative longitudinal move edges on said inner edges,a cam face on the interior of ithebody, the outer edges of the bladesbeing curved to coope'rate with the cam face, the blades having tailregions, a surface on said pin engaging with said tails to urge themandrel and blades to positions where theblades have their cutting edgesat opposite sides of the collar, the pin having an end surface forengaging the collar to locate the blades with respect thereto, and meanson the body and mandrel engageable to produce relative axial movementtherebetween so that the cam face engaging said curved outer edges ofthe blades actuatcs the blades to cut through the collar. 7

8. A tool for removing a collar from a fastener secured in Workcomprising a housing body having an open end adapted to engage againstthe work, an internal cam face in the body at said end, a mandrel in thebody, the body and mandrel being related for relative longitudinalmovement, a spring loaded pin movable axially in the mandrel, themandrel and pin having registering diametric slots, a pair of bladesoperable in the slots and pivoted on the mandrel to have spaced opposinginner edges, cutting edges on said inner edges, a cam face on theinteric-r'of the body, the outer edges of the blades being curved tocooperate with the cam face, the blades having tailre;

'gions, a surface on said pin engaging with said tails to urge themandrel and blades to positions where the blades have their cuttingedges at opposite sides of the collar,

means on the body'and mandrel engageable to produce relative axialmovement between the body and mandrel so that the cam face actuates theblades to split the collar,

and. means for limiting movement of the blades to prevent the bladesfrom engaging the fastener proper.

9. A tool for removing a collar from a fastener secured V in workcomprising a housing body having an open end [adapted to engage againstthe work,an internal cam face in the body at said end, a mandrel in thebody, the body and mandrel being related for relative longitudinalmovement, blades pivoted on the mandrel having active end a regionsprovided with opposing cuttinged-ges and having 7 mandrel so that thecam face actuates the blades to split 7 the collar.

10. -A tool for removing a collar from a fastener seQ cured in workcomprising a housing bodyhaving an open' end adapted to engage againstthe Work, an internal cam,

face in the bodyat said end, a mandrel in the body, the body and mandrelbeing related for relativelongitudinal movement, blades pivoted on themandrel having active end regionsprovided with opposing cutting edgesand having tail regions, the blades being adapted to protrude from saidopen end of the body to have their active end regions engage the-camfaceand to have their cutting edges disposed at opposite sides of thecollar, the mandrel having an end recess for receiving the collar tolocate the ibladesrelative to the collar, spring means yieldingly urgingthe blades topositions where they engage the cam face and their cuttingedges are spaced wide apart, spring means acting on the mandrel toyieldingly hold'the mandreland blades where they protrude from said endof the bodyto receive. the collar, andmeans on the body-and mandreleng'ageableto produce relative axial movement 7 between the bodyandmandrel so that the cam face actuates the blades-to split the collar.

7 ReferencesCite d in the file of this patent i 7 5 UNITED sTAfrEsPATnN'rs

